ኢአእምሮታዊነት
ኢአእምሮታዊነት ወይም አግኖስቲሲዝም የአምላክ ፣ የመለኮት ወይም ከተፈጥሮ በላይ የሆነ ነገሮች መኖር ወይም አለመኖር በመርህ ደረጃ ሊታወቅ የማይችል ነው የሚል አመለካከት ወይም እምነት ነው። [1] ይህ ፍልስፍና ለአምላክ መኖር ወይም ለሃይማኖታዊ እምነቶች ግድየለሽ የመሆንን አቋም ሊያመለክት የሚችል ሲሆን፣ የዓለም እይታን ሳይሆን የግል ገደቦችን ሊያመለክት ይችላል። ይልቅ የሰውን ልጅ የማወቅ አቅም ወይም የግል ገደቦችን የሚያመላክት አስተምህሮ ነው። [2] [3] [4] ሌላው የኢአእምሮታዊነት ፍቺ “የሰው ልጅ ምክንያታዊነት አምላክ መኖሩን ወይም አለመኖሩን ለማረጋገጥ የሚያስችል በቂና አሳማኝ ማስረጃዎችን ማቅረብ አይችልም” የሚለው አመለካከት ነው። በዚህም መሠረት፣ አግኖስቲኮች ማንኛውንም ሜታፊዚካዊ ድምዳሜ ከመስጠት ይቆጠባሉ።
እንግሊዛዊው የሥነ-ሕይወት ባለሙያ ቶማስ ሄንሪ ሃክስሌይ መጀመሪያ ላይ ኢአእምሮታዊነት የሚለውን ቃል የፈጠረው ፲፰፻፷፱ "እንደ እሱ [እንደ እሱ]፣ በተለያዩ ጉዳዮች [የአምላክን ህልውና ጉዳይ ጨምሮ] ተስፋ ቢስ እንደሆኑ የሚናዘዙ ሰዎችን ለማመልከት ነው፣ ስለ ሜታፊዚክስ እና የሃይማኖት ሊቃውንት፣ ኦርቶዶክስም ሆነ ሄትሮዶክስ፣ በከፍተኛ እምነት የሚያምኑባቸውን"። [4] ቀደምት አሳቢዎች እንደ ሳንጃያ ቤላትቲፑታ ፣ በ፭ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ዓክልበ. ስለ ማንኛውም ከሞት በኋላ ስላለው ሕይወት ኢአእምሮታዊነት የገለጸው የህንድ ፈላስፋ ፤ [5] [6] እና ፕሮታጎራስ ፣ በ፭ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ዓክልበ. ስለ “አማልክት” መኖር ኢአእምሮታዊነትን የገለጸው የግሪክ ፈላስፋ [7] [8]
- ↑ Draper, Paul, Zalta, ed., Atheism and Agnosticism (Summer 2022 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University "When used in this epistemological sense, the term “agnosticism” can very naturally be extended beyond the issue of what is or can be known to cover a large family of positions, depending on what sort of “positive epistemic status” is at issue. For example, it might be identified with any of the following positions: that neither theistic belief nor atheistic belief is justified, that neither theistic belief nor atheistic belief is rationally required, that neither belief is rationally permissible, that neither has warrant, that neither is reasonable, or that neither is probable."
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named ":2". - ↑ Poidevin, Robin (2010). Agnosticism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957526-8. https://archive.org/details/agnosticismverys0000lepo. "It stands, it seems, for lack of belief or commitment, for indecision, for non-engagement."
- 1 2 You must specify title = and url = when using {{cite web}}. Draper, Paul. "". “The terms “agnostic” and “agnosticism” were famously coined in the late nineteenth century by the English biologist, T.H. Huxley. He said that he originally invented the word “Agnostic” to denote people who, like [himself], confess themselves to be hopelessly ignorant concerning a variety of matters [including of course the matter of God’s existence], about which metaphysicians and theologians, both orthodox and heterodox, dogmatise with the utmost confidence. (1884)”
- ↑ "Samaññaphala Sutta: The Fruits of the Contemplative Life". Digha Nikaya (1997). “If you ask me if there exists another world (after death), ... I don't think so. I don't think in that way. I don't think otherwise. I don't think not. I don't think not not.”
- ↑ Major World Religions: From Their Origins To The Present. March 13, 2003. https://books.google.com/books?id=AubFD0B-a7AC&pg=PA63.
- ↑ "Progress of Atheism in India: A Historical Perspective" (February 1990). Archived from the original on 2013-09-25. በ2026-03-25 የተወሰደ.
- ↑ How to Prove God Does Not Exist: The Complete Guide to Validating Atheism. https://books.google.com/books?id=JtOzmf_5zLcC&pg=PA34.